Gov gags “extraordinary renditions” whistleblower政务糖胺聚糖" ，不平凡的演绎"举报人

Marcus Morgan马库斯摩根

Last Friday, the Labour government took out a high court injunction to prevent a former member of the British Special Air Services, Ben Griffin, from revealing further details about the government’s involvement in “extraordinary rendition”上周五，工党政府拿出一部高级法院发出禁令，以防止前成员，英国特别航空服务时，本格里芬透露进一步详情，更了解政府的参与，在"非常规引渡"

The US administration coined the term to cover the practice of sending arrested terrorist suspects to dozens of detention facilities where torture is often carried out.美国政府杜撰一词，以涵盖的实践派被捕的恐怖嫌犯的几十个拘留所酷刑常常进行的。 Ever since reports of rendition and torture began to surface after the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq in 2001, the British government has adamantly denied any knowledge or collaboration with these activities.自从报告移交逃犯和酷刑的影响开始浮现后，入侵阿富汗和伊拉克在2001年，英国政府坚决否认有任何知识或与这些活动。

In his last public address before the gagging order came into force, Griffin told an antiwar rally, “I will be continuing to collect evidence and opinion on British involvement in extraordinary rendition, torture, secret detentions, extra-judicial detention, use of evidence gained through torture, breaches of the Geneva Conventions, breaches of International Law and failure to abide by our obligations as per UN Convention Against Torture.在他的最后一次公开讲话前噎命令生效时，格里芬说，一个反战集会上， "我将继续搜集证据和舆论对英国参与非常规引渡，酷刑，秘密拘留，课外司法拘留，使用证据上涨刑讯逼供，违反日内瓦公约，违反国际法和国际未能遵守我们的义务，按联合国禁止酷刑公约。 I am carrying on regardless.”我继承不管" 。

He called for former Prime Minister Tony Blair and his successor Gordon Brown to face trial for breaking international law.他呼吁前首相布莱尔和他的继任者戈登布朗受审打破了国际法。

Griffin served in the army for eight years, including a three-month tour in Baghdad working on secret joint operations with US Special Forces.格里芬曾任职于陆军为八年，其中包括一项为期3个月参观在巴格达工作的秘密联合行动，与美国特种部队。 He quit in 2005 because he believed the war was illegal and aimed at seizing control of the natural resources in the region.他辞掉在2005年，因为他认为，这场战争是非法的，目的是夺取制的天然资源，在该地区。

He is strongly opposed to the tactics being employed by US occupation forces, including indiscriminate detention of people, a trigger-happy mentality among soldiers and routine torture of prisoners that is advocated through the chain of command.他是坚决反对的战术受雇于美国占领军，包括不分青红皂白地拘禁的人，一个触发-快乐心态士兵和例行酷刑的囚犯是主张透过指挥链。 Although he had not witnessed torture first-hand, Griffin said, “I have no doubt in my mind that non-combatants I personally detained were handed over to the Americans and subsequently tortured.”虽然他没有亲眼目睹酷刑第一手，格里芬说： "我毫不怀疑，在我心目中，非战斗我个人被拘留，被移交给美国人，后来折磨" 。

The secret joint US-UK task force within which he was posted was “responsible for the detention of hundreds, if not thousands, of individuals in Afghanistan and Iraq.”秘密联合，我们与英国的专责小组，其中他被张贴"负责拘留数百人，如果不是数千人，对个人，在阿富汗和伊拉克" 。

He added: “British soldiers are intimately involved in the actions of this task force.他说： "英军士兵正在密切参与该行动的特遣部队。 Jack Straw, Margaret Beckett, David Miliband, Geoff Hoon, Des Browne, Tony Blair, Gordon Brown—in their respective positions over the last five years they must know that British soldiers have been operating within this joint US/UK task force.斯特劳玛格丽特贝克特，戴维miliband ，杰夫胡恩，万布朗，英国首相布莱尔，财政大臣布朗在各自的岗位在过去五年中，他们必须知道，他的英国士兵已经营运的这项联合美国/英国专责小组。 They must have been briefed on the actions of this unit.”他们必须已听取了有关行动的这股" 。

The gagging order was placed under the Official Secrets Act, which has been used repeatedly since the war began to silence critics of the occupations within the civil service and armed forces on grounds of “national security.” If he makes further disclosures relating to renditions that implicate government ministers in war crimes, he could face a jail sentence.该噎秩序划归官方机密法令，它已被重复使用，自从伊拉克战争开始以来，以沉默批评者的职业，公务员和军队的理由是"国家安全" ，如果他做了进一步披露有关演绎这株连政府部长在战争罪，他将面临监禁。

The Foreign Office refused to comment on the allegations on the grounds that statements are never released on the activities of Special Forces soldiers.英国外交部拒绝评论这项指控，理由是报表从未公布于活动的特种部队士兵。

When allegations about the government’s involvement in extraordinary rendition first surfaced in December 2005, Blair told the press, “I have absolutely no evidence to suggest that anything illegal has been happening here at all, and I am not going to start ordering inquiries into this, that and the next thing, when I have got no evidence to show whether this is right or not.指控时，对政府的介入，在非常规引渡首次出现在2005年12月，布莱尔向新闻界表示， "我绝对没有任何证据显示有任何不法一直这里所发生的一切，我不想再开始订购探究一点，并在未来的事，当我有没有证据显示，这是否是正确与否。 And I honestly, it is like all this stuff about camps in Europe or something, I don’t know, I have never heard of such a thing, I can’t tell you whether such a thing exists.”我坦白说，这就像这一切东西约营地，在欧洲或什么的，我不知道，我从来没有听说过有这样的事情，我不能告诉你是否有这样的事情存在" 。

And again, in March 2007, Blair assured an intelligence and security committee that “he was satisfied that the US had at no time since 9/11 rendered an individual through the UK or through our Overseas Territories.”又一次，在2007年3月，布莱尔保证，情报与安全委员会说， "他感到满意的是，美国竟然在没有时间自9 / 11 ，使个人通过英国或通过我们的海外领土" 。

This position became increasingly untenable as leaks from individuals within the armed forces, such as those from Griffin and former United States Army General Barry McCaffrey, as well as numerous civil servants, conflicted with official government denials.这一立场变得越来越站不住脚，因为漏水，从个人的军队，如那些从格里芬和美国前陆军将军巴里麦卡弗里，以及众多的公务员，不符合政府的官方否认。

Responding to allegations that Britain was co-operating with renditions to the UK protectorate of Diego Garcia, an Indian ocean island that is leased to the US as an air base for operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, then-Foreign Secretary Jack Straw said in September 2003, “The United States Government have explicitly assured us that there have never been any prisoners in detention on any US vessels moored in Diego Garcia waters.回应指控说，英国是合作经营与演绎，以英国保护国的迪戈加西亚岛，印度洋岛屿是租借给美国的一个空军基地，为在阿富汗的军事行动和伊拉克，当时的英国外交大臣斯特劳说，在2003年9月"的同时，美国政府已明确向我们保证，也从未有过任何犯人在拘留任何美国船只停泊在迪戈加西亚岛的水域。 The British Government are satisfied that this is correct.”英国政府对此感到满意，这是正确的" 。

In December 2006, McCaffrey revealed that he knew of renditions to the base. 2006年12月，麦卡弗里透露，据他所知，演绎到基地。 He said of suspected terrorists, “They’re behind bars, they’re dead, they’re apprehended.他说，对可疑的恐怖分子， "他们身陷囹圄，他们就会死亡，他们就会被逮捕。 We’ve got them on Diego Garcia, in Bagram Airfield, in Guantanamo.”我们已经得到了关于迪戈加西亚岛，在巴格拉姆机场时，在关塔那摩的" 。

According to a report from the civil rights group Statewatch, “Diego Garcia has been the subject of repeated, credible and concurrent claims that the island has played a major role in the US system of renditions and secret detention.”据报道，从民权组织statewatch ， "迪戈加西亚一直受到反复的，可信和并行声称该岛方面发挥了重大作用，在美国的制度的演绎和秘密关押" 。

The mounting evidence culminated in the government being forced to make limited admissions, whilst attempting to distance itself as far as possible from the US practice of renditions and torture.越来越多的证据表明，最终在政府被迫作有限度的招生，而企图保持距离，尽量从美国的实践演绎和酷刑。 A carefully worded statement to parliament on February 21 by Foreign Secretary David Miliband said that Britain had recently been made aware of two US extraordinary rendition flights, which had stopped at Diego Garcia in 2002 to refuel.一份措辞谨慎的声明，对国会2月21日，由外交秘书大卫miliband也说，英美两国最近已意识到美国两位非常规引渡航班，它已停止在迪戈加西亚岛， 2002年加油。

Miliband said, “Contrary to earlier explicit assurances that Diego Garcia had not been used for rendition flights, recent US investigations have now revealed two occasions, both in 2002, when this had in fact occurred. miliband说， "相反，以较早的明确保证，迪戈加西亚岛已不被用于移交逃犯的航班，最近美国的调查已经显示了两次，无论是在2002年，当这事实上已发生了。 An error in the earlier US records search meant that these cases did not come to light.”一个错误，在以前的美国记录搜索意味着这些案件不来轻" 。

He went on to spell out that the US and UK policy on counter-terrorism will continue as before: “Our counter-terrorism relationship with the United States is vital to UK security.他进一步阐述说，美国和英国的政策，对反恐怖主义将继续担任之前说： "我们的反恐怖主义与美国的关系是非常重要的英国安全。 I am absolutely clear that there must and will continue to be the strongest possible intelligence and counter-terrorism relationship with the US, consistent with UK law and our international obligations.”我绝对清楚地表明必须并且将继续以强烈的情报和反恐怖主义与美国的关系，符合英国法律和我们的国际义务" 。

It was Miliband’s evasions and denials about UK involvement in rendition that prompted Griffin to issue a statement a few days later.这是miliband的逃避，否认关于英国参与移交逃犯促使格里芬发表声明，几天后。 He pointed out that the government always talks about rendition as purely the process of flying detainees to a foreign country in the hope of deflecting attention away from the British Army’s vital role in the first stages of the process in Iraq and Afghanistan.他指出，政府一直谈论移交作为纯粹的过程中的飞行被拘留到外国，在希望转移注意力从英军所扮演的重要角色，在第一阶段的进程，在伊拉克和阿富汗。 He said the Diego Garcia admission “pales into insignificance in light of the fact that it has been British soldiers detaining the victims of extraordinary rendition in the first place.”他说，迪戈加西亚入学"黯然失色微不足道的，根据事实，即它已被英国士兵扣留被害人有着非同寻常的移交逃犯摆在首位" 。

“Since the invasion of Afghanistan in the autumn of 2001 UKSF [United Kingdom Special Forces] has operated within a joint US/UK Task Force. "自从入侵阿富汗，在2001年秋季uksf [英国特种部队]已运作了一个联合美国/英国专责小组。 This Task Force has been responsible for the detention of hundreds if not thousands of individuals in Afghanistan and Iraq.这个专责小组一直负责拘留数百如果不是数以千计的个人，在阿富汗和伊拉克。 Individuals detained by British soldiers within this Task Force have ended up in Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp, Bagram Theatre Internment Facility, Balad Special Forces Base, Camp Nama BIAP and Abu Ghraib Prison.”个人扣留的英国士兵在此工作队已经结束了在古巴关塔那摩湾拘留营，巴格拉姆剧院拘留所，巴拉德特种部队基地，营区非农产品市场准入biap和阿布格莱布监狱" 。

“Whilst the government has stated its desire that the Guantanamo Bay detention camp be closed, it has remained silent over these other secretive prisons in Iraq and Afghanistan. "虽然政府已声明其愿望，即在关塔那摩湾拘留营关闭，但它仍保持沉默超过其他这些隐秘的监狱在伊拉克和阿富汗。 These secretive prisons are part of a global network in which individuals face torture and are held indefinitely without charge.这些隐秘的监狱中的一部分，一个全球性的网络，使个人面临酷刑，并无限期关押，没有受到起诉。 All of this is in direct contravention of the Geneva Conventions, International Law and the UN Convention Against Torture.”所有这一切都直接违反了日内瓦公约，国际法和联合国禁止酷刑公约" 。

Griffin detailed human rights abuses at Camp Nama at Baghdad International Airport in 2004, where individuals captured by the US/UK Task Force were detained and torture was carried out that was “systematic and sanctioned through the chain of command.” He also relates a story he was told by two soldiers that torture was carried out using partial asphyxiation and cattle prods.格里芬详细侵犯人权，在非农产品市场准入阵营在巴格达国际机场在2004年，那里的个人抓获，由美国/英国专责小组被拘留和酷刑是进行了那是"有系统和制裁，透过指挥链" ，还涉及了一个故事有人告诉他，由两名士兵酷刑进行了利用部分窒息和牛prods 。

Numerous human rights groups, including Human Rights Watch, which has obtained damning firsthand evidence about abuses in secret detention facilities, have corroborated Griffin’s statements on abuse of detainees.许多人权团体，包括人权观察组织，它已获得确凿的第一手证据，对滥用在秘密拘留设施，也佐证了格里芬的声明，对虐待被拘留者。 Witnesses relate that the use of torture, including prolonged sleep deprivation, exposure to extreme temperatures, beatings and humiliating treatment were widespread and sanctioned by commanding officers.有关证人说，使用酷刑，包括长时间剥夺睡眠，暴露在极端的温度下，殴打和有辱人格的待遇被广泛认可的指挥军官。 Soldiers who objected to the treatment of prisoners were lectured on the exceptional circumstances of the “war on terror.”士兵反对囚犯待遇的人讲课，对特殊情况下的"反恐战争" 。

The latest gagging order follows a series of similar cases where the government has forcibly silenced critics of its “war on terror” policy.最新噎命令如下一系列类似的情况下，政府强行压制批评它的"反恐战争"的政策。 Civil servant David Keogh and political researcher Leo O’Connor were jailed last year—for six months and three months, respectively—after being convicted of leaking a secret government memo from 2003, alleged to contain minutes of a meeting between then-Prime Minister Tony Blair and President George W. Bush in which the latter reportedly advocated bombing Al Jazeera’s headquarters in Qatar.公务员大卫keogh和政治研究员利奥奥康纳分别被判入狱，去年为6个月和3个月，分别在事后被裁定有罪，泄露了一个秘密政府备忘录，从2003年起，涉嫌含有分钟的会面，当时的首相托尼布莱尔和美国总统布什在其中后者据说主张轰炸卡塔尔半岛电视台的总部设在卡塔尔。

The growing body of evidence exposing the crimes of detention without trial and a global network of prison camps has also implicated countries other than the UK and US.有越来越多的证据揭露犯罪不经审判的拘留和全球网络的监狱营地，也牵连到其他国家比英国和美国。 Statewatch obtained a document in 2005 that confirmed the European Union (EU) had agreed to rendition flights in CIA planes as part of a wider programme of joint security operations with the Bush administration in 2003. statewatch获得的一份文件，在2005年这证实了欧洲联盟（欧盟）已经同意引渡航班，在中情局的飞机，作为一个更广泛的方案的联合安全行动，与布什政府在2003年。

In a recent report from the European Parliament on the alleged use of European countries for the illegal transport and detention of prisoners by the CIA, the EU Rapporteur Claudio Fava said, “Many governments co-operated passively or actively (with the CIA).在最近的一份报告，由欧洲议会对涉嫌利用欧洲国家对非法运输和拘禁囚犯由中央情报局，欧盟报告员由Claudio法瓦说， "许多国家的政府合作经营的消极或积极（与中情局） 。 They knew.”他们知道" 。

According to the report, more than 1,000 CIA-operated flights used European airspace between 2001 and 2005.根据报告显示，超过1000名美国中央情报局运营航班利用欧盟领空，在2001年和2005年。 It also states that detention facilities may be located at US military bases in Europe and that some EU members turned a blind eye to flights operated by the CIA being used for extraordinary rendition or the illegal transportation of detainees.报告还指出，拘留设施，可设在驻日美军基地在欧洲和一些欧盟成员国却视而不见，以航班由中央情报局被用于非常规引渡或非法运输的被拘留者。

The report mentions 21 well-documented cases of extraordinary rendition in which rendition victims were transferred through a European country or were residents in a European state at the time of their kidnapping.报告提到， 21个证据确凿的案件非常规引渡，其中移交灾民被移送通过一个欧洲国家或居住在一个欧洲国家举行的时候，他们的绑架活动。 The national governments specifically criticised for their unwillingness to co-operate with investigations were those of Austria, Italy, Poland, Portugal and the UK.各国政府特别是批评为他们不愿意合作，与调查者的奥地利，意大利，波兰，葡萄牙和英国。

Amnesty International has previously reported on more than 1,000 flights linked to the CIA, many of which used European airspace.国际特赦组织此前曾报道， 1000多航班连接到中央情报局，其中有不少利用欧盟领空。

President George W. Bush stated in September 2006 that “alternative procedures” were necessary to deal with the new threat of global terrorism.布什总统在2006年9月， "替代程序"的必要，以应对新的全球恐怖主义的威胁。 Thanks to the courage and conviction of those like Ben Griffin, we now know more of the substance that lies behind those ominous words.多亏了勇气和信念，那些像贲格里芬，我们现在知道越来越多的物质背后那些不祥的话。

The global network of CIA “black sites” that have been established under the pretext of the “war on terror” are being used to suppress growing opposition to the imperialist aims of the United States to control the natural resources of the Middle East and Central Asia.全球网络中情局将"基地"组织已建立的借口下， "反恐战争" ，是用来镇压越来越多的人反对向帝国主义的目标，美国以控制自然资源的中东和中亚。 According to the US Congress, up to 14,000 people may have been victims of rendition and secret detention since 2001.据美国国会，多达14000人，可能已被受害者的移交逃犯和秘密关押，自2001年以来。

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