Global poll shows wide distrust of United States全球性调查显示，全不信任美国

By Meg Bortin 梅格博廷

Distrust of the United States has intensified across the world, but overall views of America remain very or somewhat favorable among majorities in 25 of 47 countries surveyed in a major international opinion poll, the Pew Research Center reported Wednesday.不信任美国加紧在世界各地，但总的看法，美国仍然非常或有点有利其中多数在25 47个被调查的国家，在国际上一个主要民意调查，皮尤研究中心报道，周三。

“Anti-Americanism since 2002 has deepened, but it hasn’t really widened,” said Andrew Kohut, director of the Pew Global Attitudes Project. "反美主义自2002年以来，加深了，但它并没有真正拉开，说： "安德鲁科胡特，主任皮尤全球态度项目。 “It has worsened among America’s European allies and is very, very bad in the Muslim world. "这已经恶化其中美国的欧洲盟国，是非常，非常坏的，在穆斯林世界。 But there is still a favorable view of the United States in many African countries, as well as in ‘New Europe’ and the Far East.”但仍有正面看法，美国在许多非洲国家，以及在'新欧洲'和远东地区" 。

Nonetheless, majorities in many countries reject the main planks of current US foreign policy and express distaste for American-style democracy, the survey found.尽管如此，多数人在许多国家排斥的主要木板当前美国的外交政策，并表示distaste为美国式民主，调查还发现。

Respondents worldwide not only want Washington to pull US troops out of Iraq “as soon as possible,” but also seek a rapid end to the American and NATO military intervention in Afghanistan, now in its sixth year.全世界受访者不仅要求华盛顿对拉美国军队赶出伊拉克"尽快" ，但也寻求迅速结束，美国和北约对阿富汗的军事干预，现在在其第六个年头。

The poll found growing wariness toward other major powers as well.该调查还发现，越来越多的戒心，对其它大国一样。 Concerns over China’s economic and military might have tarnished its image in many nations, Pew found, and confidence in President Vladimir Putin of Russia has dropped sharply.关注中国的经济和军事实力已玷污了它的形象，在许多国家，皮尤发现，有信心在总统普京的俄罗斯已急剧下降。

The survey, conducted in April and May, is by far the largest Pew has carried out since 2002, covering 47 countries in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa and the Americas, and assessing the opinions of more than 45,000 people.这项调查是在4月和5月，是迄今为止规模最大的皮尤已进行了自2002年以来，涵盖47个国家，在欧洲，亚洲，中东，非洲和美洲，以及评估意见超过45000人。 It found that concern about global warming has increased dramatically in the last five years.它发现，关注全球气候变暖已急剧增加，在过去5年。

“Most of the citizens in the global survey agree the environment is in trouble and most blame the United States and, to a much more limited degree, China,” Pew said. "大部分的公民，在全球性调查同意的环境是麻烦和最怪罪美国，并以一个更为有限度，中国， "皮尤说。

Negative views of Iran have intensified, including in some Muslim countries, Pew found, and respondents in almost all countries surveyed expressed overwhelming opposition to Tehran’s acquiring nuclear weapons.负面的看法，伊朗加紧进行中，包括在一些穆斯林国家，皮尤发现，在受访者中，几乎所有被调查的国家表达了压倒性的反对德黑兰的获取核武器。

While the survey covered a broad range of issues, it focused intensively on the world’s image of the United States, which was largely positive in 2002 - reflecting global sympathy for Americans after the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks on New York and Washington - but has declined steeply since 2003, when the Bush administration decided to invade Iraq.虽然这次调查涵盖了广泛的问题，它的重点是在紧锣密鼓地对世界的美国的形象，这在很大程度上是积极的，在2002年-反映出全球同情美国人后， 2 001年9月1 1日，恐怖袭击纽约和华盛顿-但已急剧下降，自2 003年以来，当布什政府决定入侵伊拉克。

Over the last five years, favorable ratings of the United States have decreased “in 26 of the 33 countries for which trends are available,” Pew said.在过去五年中，有利于收视率，美国已减少， "在26日的33个国家为趋势的情况下， "皮尤说。

Confidence in President George W. Bush, which was already sagging, has dropped further in most countries over the past year, as the Iraqi quagmire has deepened and the world’s reprobation has increased.信心，在美国总统布什，这已经不振，已进一步下降，在大多数国家，在过去的一年里，随着伊拉克泥潭，加深了与世界的reprobation增加了。

“Global distrust of American leadership is reflected in increasing disapproval of the cornerstones of US foreign policy,” Pew said in its report on the findings. "全球不信任美国领导的是体现在增加，不赞成的基石，美国的外交政策， "皮尤说，在它的调查结果报告。

Former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, co-chair of the Pew Global Attitudes Project, linked this development directly to the Iraq war.前国务卿马德琳奥尔布赖特，共同主持的皮尤全球态度项目，联系这方面的发展，直接向伊拉克战争。 “I think Iraq will go down in history as the greatest disaster in American foreign policy,” she said. "我认为，伊拉克将名垂青史，因为最大的灾难，在美国的外交政策， "她说。

The poll found that:调查发现：

Majorities in 43 of the 47 countries surveyed want a quick US troop withdrawal from Iraq.多数在43 47个被调查的国家希望有一个快速美军从伊拉克撤军。 In the United States, 56 percent express this opinion.在美国，有56 ％表达这个意见。 The exceptions are Ghana, Israel, Kenya and Nigeria.例外情况是加纳，以色列，肯尼亚和尼日利亚。

Majorities or pluralities in 40 countries also want US and North Atlantic Treaty Organization troops out of Afghanistan as soon as possible.多数或pluralities在40个国家还希望美国和北大西洋公约组织军队赶出阿富汗尽快进行。 This view, strongest in the Muslim world, was also held in many NATO member countries, notably Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and Turkey.这种观点认为，最强的在穆斯林世界，还举办了许多北约成员国的国家，尤其是加拿大，法国，德国，意大利，波兰，西班牙和土耳其。

Support for America’s so-called war on terrorism has plummeted since 2002, especially in Europe, where US practices against inmates at the Guantánamo Bay and Abu Ghraib prisons have been harshly condemned.支持美国的所谓反恐战争已跌至自2002年以来，尤其是在欧洲，美国的做法对犯人在关塔那摩湾和阿布格里卜监狱一直严厉谴责。

There is a widespread perception that the United States acts unilaterally in making international policy decisions.有一种普遍的看法认为，美国单方面的行为，在作出国际政策决定。 This view is especially powerful in Europe, shared by 90 percent in Sweden, 89 percent in France, and 70 percent or more in Britain, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Russia, Slovakia and Spain.这种看法，尤其是强大的欧洲，共用了90 ％ ，在瑞典， 89 ％ ，法国，有70 ％或者更多，在英国，保加利亚，捷克共和国，德国，俄罗斯，斯洛伐克和西班牙。 A full 83 percent of Canadians believe that their neighbor to the south ignores their interests.充分百分之八十三的加拿大人认为，他们的邻居向南方漠视他们的利益。 Middle Easterners overwhelmingly share this view, as do many Asians, including South Koreans and Japanese.中东人以压倒多数同意这个看法，但正如许多亚洲人，其中包括韩国和日本。

Majorities in most every country believe that the United States promotes democracy mostly where it serves American interests.多数人在多数国家都认为，美国推行民主的地方大多是其所服务的美国的利益。 Only in Nigeria did many say they believe that the United States “promotes democracy wherever it can.”仅在尼日利亚当时很多人说，他们相信美国"促进民主而能" 。

This, according to Pew, helps explain why American ideas about democracy are rejected by vast numbers around the globe.为此，根据佩尤，有助于解释为什么美国的想法对民主是拒绝了大量世界各地。 The exception is sub-Saharan Africa, where the majority approves of American-style democracy in all countries polled except Tanzania.例外的是撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地区，那里大多数赞成美国式的民主，在所有接受调查的国家除坦桑尼亚。

But elsewhere, majorities or pluralities in all but four survey countries excluding the United States itself - China, Israel, South Korea and Japan - say they dislike American ideas about democracy.但在其他地方，多数人还是pluralities所有，但其中四个国家的调查显示，不包括美国本身-中国，以色列，韩国和日本-说，他们不喜欢美国人的想法民主。

The country where America’s image is worst is Turkey, a NATO ally, where only 9 percent now have a favorable view, down from 52 percent before the United States went into Afghanistan in late 2001.国以及美国的形象是最糟糕的是土耳其，北约盟国中，只有9 ％ ，现在有一个正面看法，低于52 ％ ，然后美国进入阿富汗，在2001年年底。

In Germany, traditionally one of the closest US allies, only 30 percent now have a positive view, down from 78 percent before Bush took office in January 2001.在德国，传统上的一个最接近美国的盟国中，只有30 ％左右，现在有一个正面的看法，从78 ％之前，布什2001年1月就任。

There has been serious slippage as well in Britain, America’s most reliable ally and its chief partner in the war in Iraq.有严重延误，以及在英国，美国最可靠的盟友，它的主要合作伙伴，在伊拉克的战争。 A slim majority of Britons - 51 percent - now hold favorable views of the United States, down from 75 percent in 2002, before the Iraq invasion.微弱多数的英国人-百分之五十一-现在已经占据了有利的意见，美国，从7 5 ％，在2 0 02年前，伊拉克入侵。

The picture is more complex with China, which is viewed favorably in more than half of the survey countries, particularly in Africa - where the Chinese have been investing heavily - and in Asia, excluding Japan.该图片是更复杂的，与中国，它被认为是良性发展，在一半以上的调查，尤其是非洲国家-如中国已投下大量资源-在亚洲，除日本外。

At the same time, the Pew report said, “China’s expanding economic and military power is triggering considerable anxiety.”在同一时间内，皮尤报告说， "中国不断扩展的经济和军事实力，是引发了相当大的焦虑" 。

Russia wins mixed reviews, with West Europeans largely unfavorable while opinions are split in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Latin America, and generally positive in Africa, Canada and the United States.俄罗斯赢得的评论褒贬不一，与西欧洲人主要是不利的，而意见分歧，在东欧，中东，亚洲和拉丁美洲，普遍反应良好，在非洲，加拿大和美国。

With Putin’s grip tightening over pipelines to the West, dependence on Russia for energy supplies is worrying many Europeans, Pew found, with majorities expressing concern in Britain, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine.与普京的抓地力收紧超过管道向西方，依赖于俄罗斯的能源供应令人担忧的是，许多欧洲人，皮尤调查发现，多数人表示关切，英国，捷克共和国，法国，德国，意大利，波兰，斯洛伐克和乌克兰。

Confidence in Putin’s leadership has plummeted in Europe since 2003, as has confidence in Bush.信任普京总统的领导下已暴跌，在欧洲自2003年以来，作为有信心在布什。 In contrast, Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany enjoys high levels of confidence in Europe, although Middle Easterners - including Israelis and Palestinians - do not trust her on foreign affairs.相反，总理默克尔的德国享有高水平的信心，在欧洲，虽然中东人-包括以色列人和巴勒斯坦人-不要相信她对外交事务。

Asked about the crisis in the Middle East, Western publics were generally optimistic that a solution can be found that accommodates the needs of both Israelis and Palestinians, and Israelis also took that view.被问及对中东危机，西方舆论普遍乐观地认为能够找到一种解决办法照顾到双方的需要，以色列人和巴勒斯坦人，以色列人也采取这一观点。 But Arabs in the region were pessimistic, with more than 70 percent in Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait and the Palestinian territories believing that “the rights and needs of the Palestinian people cannot be taken care of as long as the state of Israel exists.”但阿拉伯人在该地区的人持悲观的态度，与在70 ％以上，在埃及，约旦，科威特和巴勒斯坦领土，相信"的权利和巴勒斯坦人民的需要不能得到照顾，只要以色列国的存在" 。

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