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Lo scrutinio globale mostra la diffidenza larga degli Stati Uniti
Giovedì 28 giugno 2007
La diffidenza degli Stati Uniti ha intensificato attraverso il mondo, ma le viste generali dell'America rimangono molto o in qualche modo favorevoli fra le maggioranze in 25 di 47 paesi esaminati in un sondaggio di opinione internazionale importante, il centro di ricerca del Pew mercoledì segnalato. “Il Anti-Americanism dal 2002 ha approfondito, ma realmente non si è allargato,„ ha detto Andrew Kohut, direttore del progetto globale di atteggiamenti del Pew. “Ha peggiorato fra gli alleati europei dell'America ed è molto, molto Male nel mondo musulmano. Ma ci è ancora una vista favorevole degli Stati Uniti in molti paesi africani, così come in `nuova Europa' ed Estremo-Oriente.„ Ciò nonostante, le maggior parte in molti paesi rifiutano le plance principali degli Stati Uniti correnti politica straniera e distaste espresso per la democrazia di Americano-stile, l'indagine trovata. I dichiaranti universalmente non solo desiderano Washington tirare gli Stati Uniti le truppe da Irak “appena possibile,„ ma inoltre cercano un'estremità veloce all'americano ed all'intervento militare di NATO nell'Afghanistan, ora durante il relativo sesto anno. Lo scrutinio ha trovato il wariness crescente verso altre alimentazioni importanti pure. Le preoccupazioni Cina eccessiva economica ed i militari potrebbero appannare la relativa immagine in molte nazioni, Pew trovato e la riservatezza in presidente Vladimir Putin della Russia è caduto acutamente. L'indagine, eseguita in aprile ed in maggio, è il Pew di gran lunga più grande ha effettuato dal 2002, coprendo 47 paesi in Europa, l'Asia, il Medio Oriente, l'Africa ed i Americas e valutare le opinioni di più di 45.000 genti. Ha trovato che la preoccupazione circa il riscaldamento globale è aumentato drammaticamente durante i cinque anni ultimi. “La maggior parte dei cittadini nell'indagine globale accosentono l'ambiente sono nella difficoltà e la maggior parte incolpano degli Stati Uniti e, ad un grado molto più limitato, della Cina,„ Pew detto. Le viste negative dell'Iran hanno intensificato, includendo in alcuni paesi musulmani, nel Pew trovato e nei dichiaranti in quasi tutta l'opposizione opprimente espressa esaminata paesi alle armi nucleari d'acquisizione del Tehran. Mentre l'indagine ha coperto una vasta gamma di edizioni, ha messo a fuoco intensivamente sull'immagine del mondo degli Stati Uniti, che erano in gran parte positive in 2002 - compassione globale riflettente per gli Americani dopo settembre. 11, 2001, terror attacks on New York and Washington - but has declined steeply since 2003, when the Bush administration decided to invade Iraq. Over the last five years, favorable ratings of the United States have decreased “in 26 of the 33 countries for which trends are available,” Pew said. Confidence in President George W. Bush, which was already sagging, has dropped further in most countries over the past year, as the Iraqi quagmire has deepened and the world’s reprobation has increased. “Global distrust of American leadership is reflected in increasing disapproval of the cornerstones of U.S. foreign policy,” Pew said in its report on the findings. Former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, co-chair of the Pew Global Attitudes Project, linked this development directly to the Iraq war. “I think Iraq will go down in history as the greatest disaster in American foreign policy,” she said. The poll found that: Majorities in 43 of the 47 countries surveyed want a quick U.S. troop withdrawal from Iraq. In the United States, 56 percent express this opinion. The exceptions are Ghana, Israel, Kenya and Nigeria. Majorities or pluralities in 40 countries also want U.S. and North Atlantic Treaty Organization troops out of Afghanistan as soon as possible. This view, strongest in the Muslim world, was also held in many NATO member countries, notably Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and Turkey. Support for America’s so-called war on terrorism has plummeted since 2002, especially in Europe, where U.S. practices against inmates at the Guant?namo Bay and Abu Ghraib prisons have been harshly condemned. There is a widespread perception that the United States acts unilaterally in making international policy decisions. This view is especially powerful in Europe, shared by 90 percent in Sweden, 89 percent in France, and 70 percent or more in Britain, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Russia, Slovakia and Spain. A full 83 percent of Canadians believe that their neighbor to the south ignores their interests. Middle Easterners overwhelmingly share this view, as do many Asians, including South Koreans and Japanese. Majorities in most every country believe that the United States promotes democracy mostly where it serves American interests. Only in Nigeria did many say they believe that the United States “promotes democracy wherever it can.” This, according to Pew, helps explain why American ideas about democracy are rejected by vast numbers around the globe. The exception is sub-Saharan Africa, where the majority approves of American-style democracy in all countries polled except Tanzania. But elsewhere, majorities or pluralities in all but four survey countries excluding the United States itself - China, Israel, South Korea and Japan - say they dislike American ideas about democracy. The country where America’s image is worst is Turkey, a NATO ally, where only 9 percent now have a favorable view, down from 52 percent before the United States went into Afghanistan in late 2001. In Germany, traditionally one of the closest U.S. allies, only 30 percent now have a positive view, down from 78 percent before Bush took office in January 2001. There has been serious slippage as well in Britain, America’s most reliable ally and its chief partner in the war in Iraq. A slim majority of Britons - 51 percent - now hold favorable views of the United States, down from 75 percent in 2002, before the Iraq invasion. The picture is more complex with China, which is viewed favorably in more than half of the survey countries, particularly in Africa - where the Chinese have been investing heavily - and in Asia, excluding Japan. At the same time, the Pew report said, “China’s expanding economic and military power is triggering considerable anxiety.” Russia wins mixed reviews, with West Europeans largely unfavorable while opinions are split in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Latin America, and generally positive in Africa, Canada and the United States. With Putin’s grip tightening over pipelines to the West, dependence on Russia for energy supplies is worrying many Europeans, Pew found, with majorities expressing concern in Britain, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine. Confidence in Putin’s leadership has plummeted in Europe since 2003, as has confidence in Bush. In contrast, Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany enjoys high levels of confidence in Europe, although Middle Easterners - including Israelis and Palestinians - do not trust her on foreign affairs. Asked about the crisis in the Middle East, Western publics were generally optimistic that a solution can be found that accommodates the needs of both Israelis and Palestinians, and Israelis also took that view. But Arabs in the region were pessimistic, with more than 70 percent in Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait and the Palestinian territories believing that “the rights and needs of the Palestinian people cannot be taken care of as long as the state of Israel exists.” Have Your Say: Global poll shows wide distrust of United States Please read our posting guidelines before posting. Alternatively you can discuss this report here. Related News
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