Children as Big Pharma Guinea Pigs儿童作为大型制药豚鼠
98 Percent of Drug Trials on Children Have no Safety Checks 98 ％的药物试验对儿童没有进行安全检查
By通过 David Gutierrez朱古铁雷斯 | Fewer than 2 percent of drug trials conducted on children have independent safety advisory boards, a review published in the journal Acta Paediatrica has found. |少于2 ％的药物进行的审判对儿童有独立的安全咨询委员会，检讨，刊登在杂志上学报paediatrica发现。
Researchers from Nottingham University reviewed reports on 739 international drug trials that had been published between 1996 and 2002.研究人员从诺丁汉大学的审查报告，关于739国际药物的审判已出版了1996年至2002年。 They found that although 74 percent of studies described their safety monitoring procedures, less than 2 percent included an independent safety review committee.他们发现，虽然74 ％的研究，描述了他们的安全监测程序，不到2 ％ ，包括一个独立的安全检讨委员会。
Such committees are composed of independent health experts who can review the study data as it comes out and warn if the drug appears to be placing study participants at risk.这些委员会的组成，独立的卫生专家谁可以检讨的研究数据，因为它出来，并警告如果药物似乎是把研究参与者处于危险之中。
“It is invaluable to have an independent monitor who can swiftly question any adverse drug reactions or differences in illness and death rates between groups taking part in the clinical trials,” said lead researcher Helen Sammons. “这是相当珍贵的有一个独立的监察谁可以迅速的问题，任何药物不良反应或分歧，在疾病和死亡的利率之间的团体参加，在临床试验中，说： ”带头研究员海伦sammons 。 “Parents also need to be made aware of the risks of adverse drug reactions when a child takes any medicine so that they can make informed decisions that balance those risks against the possible benefits the drug may provide their child.” “家长也需要作出意识到的风险，药物不良反应时，儿童需要任何药物，使他们能作出明智的决定，这种平衡这些风险，对可能的好处的药物可能会提供他们的孩子” 。
The Nottingham University review also suggests that independent committees lead to more rigorous safety standards.该诺丁汉大学的审查还表明，独立委员会的导致更严格的安全标准。 Of the 13 studies with independent review committees, six were halted early due to highly toxic drug effects.在13研究与独立的审查委员会， 6人停止早期，由于高毒性药物的效果。
None of the studies without independent committees were stopped early.没有研究，没有独立委员会被截停早期。
Although the researchers looked only at studies conducted on children, they said the statistics for adult trials are probably similar.虽然研究人员只能在所进行的研究对儿童，他们说，统计为成年的审判很可能是类似的。
“There is general agreement by pediatric health professionals, regulatory authorities and the pharmaceutical industry, as well as politicians and parents, that “人们普遍同意，由儿科保健专业人员，监管当局和制药业，以及政界人士和家长， drug trials药物试验 are essential in order to improve drug therapies,” Sammons said.是必不可少的，以改善药物疗法， “ sammons说。 “We are calling for all pediatric drug trials to include independent safety monitoring committees to ensure that this vital work is carried out in a way that minimizes risks and maximizes benefits for the children taking part.” “我们呼吁所有儿科药物的审判，包括独立的安全监察委员会，以确保这项重要的工作是进行了这样一种方式最大限度地减少风险和利益，最大限度地为孩子们考虑的一部分” 。
Adverse health effects were reported in the majority of drug trials, although not all of them were thought to be related to the drugs.不利健康影响的报告，在大多数药物的审判，虽然并非所有的，他们被认为与该药物。 A total of 70 percent of drug trials reviewed reported adverse effects, and 20 percent reported serious adverse effects.共有70 ％的药物试验审查报告的不利影响， 20 ％的报道，造成严重的不利影响。 Almost 37 percent of drug trials reported side effects attributed to the drugs; 11 percent of trials reported moderate, severe or life-threatening side effects.几乎37 ％的药物试验报告的副作用是由于药物; 11 ％的审判报道，中度，严重或危及生命的副作用。
Adverse effects reported included bleeding, high blood pressure, seizures, psychosis, acute renal failure and suicide.报告的不良反应包括出血，血压高的压力，缉获，精神病，急性肾功能衰竭及自杀案。
Deaths were reported in 11 percent of drug trials, particularly in those involving premature babies.死亡报告，在11 ％的药物试验，特别是在那些涉及早产儿。 A total of 56 percent of studies involving newborns involved deaths.共有56 ％的研究，涉及新生儿所涉及的死亡。 Deaths were also reported in trials for drugs meant to treat infectious diseases and problems with the nervous system, respiratory system and kidneys.死亡人数还报告了在审判中对毒品的意思是治疗传染病和问题，与中枢神经系统，呼吸道系统及肾脏。
Most cases of death were not thought to be caused by the drugs.大多数情况下，死亡没有想过要造成的药物。
According to Sammons, the practice of conducting clinical drug trials on children is fairly new.据sammons ，实践进行药品临床试验对儿童是相当新。 In the past, drug companies only conducted safety tests on adults and doctors were left to guess at what drugs would work for children, and in what doses.在过去，制药公司只进行安全测试，对成年人和医生留下猜测什么药物会的工作，为儿童，及在何种剂量。
Five years ago, the United States began providing longer exclusive drug licenses to pharmaceutical companies that carry out drug trials on children as well as adults.五年前，美国开始提供更长的独家授权，以药物的制药公司进行药物试验对儿童以及成人。 In reaction to this incentive, the number of trials including children has increased.在这个反应的诱因，审判数目包括儿童在内的有所增加。 A similar incentive system is about to go into effect in the European Union.类似的奖励制度即将生效，在欧洲联盟。
It is important to conduct these trials, Sammons said, to decide if the benefits of drugs outweigh the risks.这是很重要的进行这些试验， sammons说，以决定是否带来的好处药物大于风险。
“We need to test drugs on children, as the only other options are to use unlicensed drugs or prescribe drugs that have been licensed for adults,” Sammons said. “我们需要测试药物对儿童，作为唯一的其他选择是使用无牌经营的药品或处方药物已领有牌照的成年人， ” sammons说。 “But we feel that the small number of studies that reported having safety monitoring committees was unacceptable.” “但我们认为，极少数的研究报告有安全监测委员会是不可接受的” 。
Have Your Say: Children as Big Pharma Guinea Pigs 你说：儿童作为大型制药豚鼠
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2 Responses to “Children as Big Pharma Guinea Pigs” 2反应“儿童作为大型制药几内亚猪”
Nora 娜拉
Posted: Aug 19th, 2008 at 7:59 pm 发布时间： 2008年8月19日在下午7点59分Ivor Hughes ivor休斯
Posted: Aug 19th, 2008 at 10:10 pm 发布时间： 2008年8月19日在下午10时10分Reply回复 | Quote selected text引用选定的文本 | Link to this链接到本A most timely article that deserves to be widely read.一个最及时的文章，值得广泛阅读。
“We need to test drugs on children, as the only other options are to use unlicensed drugs or prescribe drugs that have been licensed for adults,” Sammons said. “我们需要测试药物对儿童，作为唯一的其他选择是使用无牌经营的药品或处方药物已领有牌照的成年人， ” sammons说。 “But we feel that the small number of studies that reported having safety monitoring committees was unacceptable.” “但我们认为，极少数的研究报告有安全监测委员会是不可接受的” 。
Personally what I find unacceptable are Dr Sammons conclusions.个人是什么，我觉得是不能接受的是博士sammons的结论。 In the first place these synthetic drugs have unpredictable side effects most of which are horrific and many of them documented as causing more disease complications than are solved.摆在首位，这些合成药物产生无法预料的副作用，其中大部分是可怕的和他们中的许多文件，造成更严重的疾病的并发症比解决的。
We already have a number of alternative treatments that work,some of which are very ancient ..我们已经有一些另类疗法这项工作，其中一些非常古老的.. in other words the clinical trials were completed aeon’s ago ..在其他换句话说，临床试验已经完成永旺的前.. we already know what is safe and what is not.我们已经知道什么是安全的和什么是不。 Herbs elicit every known pharmacological response ..中草药引起每一个已知的药理反应.. and I suspect many of which we have no knowledge.我猜想，其中有许多我们没有的知识。
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This study confirms what a lot of people have suspected - that there is not enough monitoring of Big Pharma activity!本研究证实什么很多人都怀疑-是有没有足够的监测大型制药公司的活动！
thanks for the post!感谢邮政！