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Τα τόξα της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας από έναν πόλεμο αυτό δεν θα μπορούσαν ποτέ να έχουν κερδίσει
Δευτέρα, 17η Δεκεμβρίου 2007
Από Πάτρικ Cockburn Η Μεγάλη Βρετανία παρέδωσε την ασφάλεια στην επαρχία της Βασόρας χθες, που φέρνει ένα επίσημο τέλος στην άρρωστος-έναστρη προσπάθειά της κατά τη διάρκεια σχεδόν πέντε ετών να ελέγξει το νότιο Ιράκ. Η μεταφορά της δύναμης χαρακτηρίστηκε από μια παρέλαση χιλιάδων ιρακινοί στρατιώτες και αστυνομία εκτός από την υδάτινη οδό Σατ Αλ Αράμπ, η οποία τρέχει μετά από τη Βασόρα. Δεδομένου ότι τα ελικόπτερα που βρυχήθηκαν από πάνω αυτό ήταν η μεγαλύτερη επίδειξη της δύναμης από τις ιρακινές δυνάμεις στρατού από την πτώση του Σαντάμ Χουσεΐν. Η μεγάλη πλειοψηφία των ανθρώπων στη Βασόρα ήταν ευτυχής να δει τους Βρετανούς πηγαίνει. «Μπορείτε να δείτε την ευτυχία στα πρόσωπα το καθένα,» εν λόγω Adel Jassam, ένας δάσκαλος. «Αισθάνεται ότι όπως ένα βαρύ φορτίο έχει ανασηκωθεί τα στήθη μας.» Η μη δημοτικότητα της βρετανικής παρουσίας υπογραμμίζεται από τα αποτελέσματα μιας ψηφοφορίας άποψης που ανατίθεται από το BBC που δείχνει ότι ακριβώς 2 τοις εκατό των ανθρώπων στη Βασόρα εθεώρησαν ότι η βρετανική παρουσία είχε μια θετική επίδραση στην επαρχία τους από το 2003. Περίπου 86 τοις εκατό είπαν ότι είδαν τα βρετανικά στρατεύματα όπως ασκώντας αρνητική επίδραση. Η Μεγάλη Βρετανία δεν υπέστη μια στρατιωτική ήττα στο νότιο Ιράκ, αν και έχασε 134 στρατιώτες και δεν καθιέρωσε ποτέ πραγματικά τον έλεγχο της πόλης, ο δεύτερος μεγαλύτερος στο Ιράκ. Μέχρι την ώρα της χθεσινής τελετής παράδοσης είχε 4.500 στρατεύματα στο Ιράκ, που περιορίστηκε στον αερολιμένα της Βασόρας, οι ο οποίος αριθμοί θα μειωθούν σε 2.500 από τα μέσα του2008. Ο ξένος γραμματέας, Δαβίδ Miliband, που ήταν στην τελετή στη Βασόρα, είπε ότι η Μεγάλη Βρετανία δεν παρέδιδε «ένα έδαφος του γάλακτος και του μελιού». Αυτό είναι μια συγκρατημένη περιγραφή, από τη Βασόρα ότι τα φύλλα της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας πίσω θα ελεγχθούν από τις ημι-εγκληματικές Shia πολιτοφυλακές και τις πολιτικές μετακινήσεις οι των οποίων διαφορές είναι συχνά πέρα από το κομμάτιασμα των τοπικών πόρων. «Αυτό παραμένει βίαια κοινωνία οι της οποίας εντάσεις πρέπει να επανορθωθούν,» είπε τον κ. Miliband, «αλλά πρέπει να εξεταστούν από τους ιρακινούς πολιτικούς ηγέτες, και είναι πολιτική που πρόκειται να έρθει στο πρόσθιο μέρος στους μήνες και τα προσεχή έτη.» Ο βρετανικός στρατός πριν από καιρό κατέληξε στο συμπέρασμα ότι οι περίπολοί της παρείχαν απλά τους στόχους για τους εθνοφρουρούς χωρίς να κάνουν οποιοδήποτε αγαθό. Η σταθερή υποχώρηση των Βρετανών δεν έχει ακολουθηθεί μέχρι τώρα από μια μάχη για τη Βασόρα μεταξύ των τριών κύριων υποψηφίων για τη δύναμη. These are the Fadhila movement, which controls much of the government, the Mehdi Army militia, loyal to the nationalist cleric Muqtada al-Sadr, and the Badr Organisation of the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq (ISCI). All these groups control in part or in full different units of the security forces, as well as valuable economic concessions, such as Basra port, through which flows much of Iraq’s imports. Iran also retains a pervasive though often invisible influence over the militias. Britain is officially handing over control, nominal though it may have been, of Basra to government security forces. This has supposedly long been the aim of the US and Britain in southern Iraq, but in practice both countries have increasingly favoured one only of the Shia parties, ISCI, as its favoured ally. This may eventually lead to a backlash by the Mehdi Army and Fadhila. Violence in Basra was never as bad as it was in Baghdad or Mosul, because the city was overwhelmingly Shia. The Sunni and other minority groups have been progressively driven out. The British Army also never tried to impose its authority on the four southern provinces of Iraq to the degree that the US forces tried to win control of central Iraq. The area where they were meant to be bringing a better life is one of the most devastated in Iraq. Because it was Shia it was never favoured by the over-whelmingly Sunni regime of Saddam. It was also in the frontline in the eight-year Iran-Iraq war, when the city was shelled. The date palms for which southern Iraq was famous were burned or cut down. In the marshes where the Tigris and Euphrates meet, a distinct civilisation had survived for 5,000 years until Saddam drained them so they could no longer provide a sanctuary for his opponents. There seems to be no end to the miseries that Basra has suffered since the war with Iran started in 1980. The Iran-Iraq war was followed by the first Gulf War, and this in turn by the great Shia uprising of 1991, which began in a square in Basra when a tank gunner fired a shell into one of the omnipresent pictures of Saddam. In the fighting which followed, thousands of Shia were killed and more fled to Iran. The fall of Saddam was highly popular in Basra, as it was in the rest of Shia Iraq, but while liberation was popular, occupation was not. British forces had an early lesson about this when they entered the notoriously violent town of al-Majir al-Kabir north of Basra. An attempt to search for weapons led to friction, and during a second patrol this escalated into fighting, and the slaughter on 24 June 2003 of six members of the Royal Military Police who were trapped in the local police station. Rivalries between different Shia militias remain intense and could explode at any moment. The Mehdi Army is currently obeying a truce called by Mr Sadr. His declared purpose is to root out criminals, and he wants to avoid a military confrontation with ISCI when it is backed by the Americans. Mr Miliband may be right that Iraqi politicians are better able to handle Iraqi problems than the British, but this does not mean they are effective. The ruling elite in Basra is heavily criminalised, and although the three southernmost Iraqi provinces stand on a reservoir of oil, they remain miserably poor. For this the local leadership is partly to blame, but the leadership of the Shia community in Iraq comes primarily from Baghdad and the shrine cities of Kerbala and Najaf. Basra has always felt exploited and neglected. Britain stumbled into a small war in southern Iraq which it did not expect to fight and where its aims were always unclear. It is now stumbling out with very little achieved and its military reputation dented, after a conflict in which a victory could never have been won. See More:IraqHave Your Say: Britain bows out of a war it could never have won Please note, only selected comments will be published. Or discuss this report in our our new forums This entry was posted on Monday, December 17th, 2007 at 12:57 am and is filed under Breaking News . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site. |
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