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Top Activist’s Detention Blot on Democracy最活跃的拘留污点，民主 Thursday, May 15th, 2008 周四， 2008年5月15日 Sen, national vice president and Chhattisgarh general secretary of the well-known People’s Union of Civil Liberties (PUCL), was arrested under allegations of helping left-wing extremists, known in this country as Naxalites.有特殊教育需要的，国家副总统和切蒂斯格尔秘书长，著名的人民联盟的公民自由（ pucl ） ，下被逮捕的指控帮助左翼极端分子，已知的在这个国家作为naxalites 。 The charges shocked human rights organisations and citizens’ groups, which on independent investigation, have found them totally fictitious.收费震惊，人权组织和公民团体，其中就独立调查，发现他们完全是虚构的。 They believe that the Chhattisgarh government filed them to harass Sen and set a horribly negative example for all civil liberties activists and intimidate them.他们认为，切蒂斯格尔政府提交了他们的骚扰森和订出一个可怕的反面教材，为所有公民自由的活动家和恐吓他们。 Sen is probably India’s first human rights defender to have faced such prolonged detention.有特殊教育需要的可能是印度的第一人权卫士有面对这种长期拘留。 Sen’s detention raises serious questions about the content and quality of democracy in India, and the state’s failure to respect liberties and fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution.有特殊教育需要的拘留引起了严重的问题，有关内容和质量，民主在印度，和国家的不尊重自由和基本权利的宪法所保障的。 It also points to links between human rights violations and the government’s social and economic policies.它也点之间的联系，侵犯人权和政府的社会和经济政策。 The protestors are demanding Sen’s unconditional release, repeal of the Chhattisgarh Special Public Security Act, 2005, (PSA), and the disbanding of a state-sponsored right-wing militia called Salwa Judum, which has been rampaging through the state killing and maiming people in the guise of fighting Naxalites.示威者要求有特殊教育需要的无条件释放，废除该切蒂斯格尔特别公共安全法， 2005年， （变压吸附） ，并解散一个国家赞助的右翼民兵所谓salwa judum ，它已经狂暴通过国家杀戮和残害人民的幌子战斗naxalites 。 On Sunday, when Sen’s detention completed one full year, poets, artists, musicians, theatre personalities, social scientists and writers, including the award-winning novelist Arundhati Roy, joined hands with social activists in 15 Indian cities, including Raipur, Sen’s hometown and Chhattisgarh’s capital.对周日，当森的拘留完成了整整一年，诗人，画家，音乐家，戏剧人物，社会科学家和作家，包括屡获殊荣的小说家arundhati罗伊，携手合作，与社会活动家在15个印度城市，包括raipur ，森'的故乡和切蒂斯格尔的资本。 As many as 48 international organisations such as Amnesty International and citizens’ groups based in the West also organised demonstrations or vigils in nine cities in the United States, including New York, Washington, San Francisco and Boston, and in London, Paris and Stockholm多达48个国际组织，例如国际特赦组织和公民团体总部设在西部地区还举办了示威或守夜，在9个城市在美国，包括纽约，华盛顿，旧金山和波士顿，并在伦敦，巴黎和斯德哥尔摩 Meanwhile, 22 Nobel laureates from the world over have called for Sen’s release so that he can receive in person the prestigious Jonathan Mann award for health and human rights, an “international honour that will be bestowed for the first time on a citizen of India”.与此同时， 22名诺贝尔奖获得者，从世界各地都要求有特殊教育需要的释放，使他能获得在人负盛名的乔纳森曼恩健康奖和人权，一个“国际荣誉，将赐予的，为第一次对一个公民印度“ 。 The award is due to be presented in two weeks by the Global Health Council (GHC), an alliance of medical organisations and professionals, in Washington, DC.该奖项是由于提交在两周内由全球卫生理事会（ ghc ） ，结盟的医疗机构和专业人士，在华盛顿特区。 In a letter to India’s President Pratibha Patil, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh, the Nobel Prize winners have expressed “grave concern that Dr Sen appears to be incarcerated solely for peacefully exercising his fundamental right, in contravention of Articles 19 (freedom of opinion and ex-pression) and 22 (freedom of association) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights”, which India has signed.在一封信中向印度总统pratibha帕蒂尔，印度总理曼莫汉辛格和恰蒂斯加尔邦首席部长拉曼辛格，诺贝尔奖得主都表示“严重关切Sen博士似乎是被监禁的纯粹为和平行使其基本权利，这违反了文章19 （见解和言论自由当然pression ）和第22条（结社自由）的国际公约对公民权利和政治权利“ ，印度已签署。 The letter also says that the two internal security laws under which Sen was charged, the PSA and the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act 2004, “do not comport with international human rights standards”.信中还说，两国的内部安全法下，森被控， PSA和非法活动（预防）法2004年， “不要comport符合国际人权标准” 。 The PSA criminalises even peaceful activity and protest, by declaring it “a danger or menace to public order, peace and tranquillity”, because it might interfere with or “tends to interfere with the maintenance of public order… the administration of law or its… institutions”, and encourages or preaches “disobedience to established law and its institutions.”前列腺特异抗原为刑事罪，甚至和平的活动和抗议，宣称这是“一个危险或威胁到公众秩序，和平与安宁” ，因为它可能会干扰或“往往干预与维护公共秩序…政府当局的法律或其…机构“ ，并鼓励或宣扬”抗命既定的法律和机构“ 。 Under these laws, Sen can be awarded the death penalty or life imprisonment.根据这些法律，有特殊教育需要的可以获死刑或终身监禁。 Among the charges he faces are being a member of a terrorist gang or organisation, knowingly holding the proceeds of terrorism, sedition, abetting unlawful activity, undermining public safety, and conspiracy to wage war against the state.其中他所面对的控正的成员，一恐怖团伙或组织，明知持有的收益恐怖主义，煽动，教唆他人非法活动，破坏了公众安全，和阴谋发动战争的国家。 These charges hinge on one allegation by the police: namely, that Sen visited a detained and ailing Naxalite leader, Narayan Sanyal, in Raipur prison 33 times, and allegedly passed notes from him to his collaborators outside jail through a Kolkata-based businessman, Piyush Guha.这些收费，取决于对一项指控是由警方：即，有特殊教育需要的参观了拘留和疲弱的naxalite领导人，纳拉扬桑亚尔，在raipur监狱的33倍，据称是通过注意到他他的合作者以外的监狱，透过加尔各答为基础的商人， piyush学者古哈。 But Guha has denied that he received any letter from Sanyal, and said and that he signed a false confession under duress.但学者古哈已否认他收到任何信从桑亚尔，并表示和他签署了一份虚假的供认在胁迫下。 During the trial, which began after long delays on April 30, key witnesses failed to corroborate the police version or turned hostile.在审讯过程中，开始的，经过长期的拖延，于4月30日，关键证人并没有佐证，警方的版本，或交给敌对。 “As for the numerous visits to meet Sanyal, that cannot be a charge at all,” says Prashant Bhushan, a public interest lawyer based in Delhi. “对于多次访问，以满足桑亚尔，这是不能收费，所有的，说： ” prashant bhushan ，公众利益的律师，总部设在新德里举行。 “It was entirely in Sen’s line of work both as a civil rights defender and a physician. “这是完全在森的路线的工作既作为公民权利的捍卫者和一名医生。 Besides, the visits were not surreptitious or illegal.此外，访问不是秘密或非法的。 They took place with the permission of and under the supervision of the jail authorities”.他们发生与许可和监督下，监狱当局“ 。 During a visit paid to Sen last September in the same prison IPS found it impossible — given the small size of the room and the eagle eyes of the officials — to smuggle out a piece of paper.访问期间，支付给森去年9月在同一个监狱的IPS发现它是不可能的-由于规模小，房间和鹰的眼中，官员-偷运出一张纸。 All conversation is audible to the wardens.所有的会话发声，向督导员。 Kavita Srivastava, Jaipur-based national general secretary of PUCL, holds that Sen was singled out by the Chhattisgarh government partly because he was trying to expose the brutality and outright criminality of the vigilante Salwa Judum group, armed and trained by the state. kavita要比，斋浦尔-基于国家秘书长pucl ，认为有特殊教育需要的是挑出由切蒂斯格尔政府，部分原因是他试图揭露的残酷性和买断犯罪的治安salwa judum组，武装和训练由国家负担。 Salwa Judum has perpetrated gruesome atrocities against ordinary citizens, besides Naxalites and their suspected sympathisers. salwa judum已犯下的令人发指的暴行，对普通公民，除了naxalites和他们的同情者的怀疑。 It has burned down entire villages in Chhattisgarh’s dirt-poor southern districts, populated by acutely disadvantaged Adivasis or indigenous tribals.它已被烧毁，整个村庄在切蒂斯格尔的污垢穷人的南部地区，人口由敏锐的弱势Adivasis人或土著部落。 The militia’s campaign of violence has turned nearly 100,000 people into refugees.民兵的暴力活动，使近十万人成为难民。 But both the Chhattisgarh the central government continue to shield, support, finance and encourage it.但双方切蒂斯格尔中央的政府，继续掩护，支持，资助和鼓励它。 They recently told India’s Supreme Court that Salwa Judum is the only means available to them to counter Naxalite violence.他们最近向印度的最高法院salwa judum是唯一可利用的手段来对付他们naxalite暴力。 The court has not yet pronounced judgement on a public interest petition filed by reputed academics demanding the disbanding of the militia.法院尚未宣布判决对公众利益递交请愿书，由著名学者，要求解散民兵。 Recently, Manmohan Singh described left-wing extremism as “the greatest internal security threat” facing India and promised to crush it.最近，辛格形容左翼极端主义作为“最大的内部安全威胁” ，面对印度和承诺，粉碎它。 He said his government would not rest until the virus of Naxalism is eliminated.他说，他的政府不会休息，直到病毒naxalism是淘汰。 His government pledged to spend over 750 million US dollars on fighting it.他的政府承诺动用超过七点五亿美元关于打击。 But its efforts have failed to contain the movement.但其努力未能奏效，以控制运动。 Over the past two years, more people have been killed in Naxalite-related violence, including police counter-violence, than in Kashmir or India’s turbulent Northeast.在过去两年，越来越多的人已被杀害在naxalite有关的暴力行为，包括警方反暴力，比在克什米尔或印度动荡的东北部。 Chhattisgarh is the worst example of the failure of the state’s strategy of combating left-extremism exclusively by unleashing state repression against unarmed civilians.切蒂斯格尔是最坏的例子，失败的国家的战略打击左极端主义完全由国家发动镇压手无寸铁的平民。 Sen was trained as a paediatrician at the Christian Medical College in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, and has devoted most of adult life to improving the health and living conditions of the very poor in the Adivasi districts of Chhattisgarh, besides defending the civil liberties of wretchedly poor and exploited people.有特殊教育需要的是训练有素的作为一个儿科医生在基督教医学院在vellore ，泰米尔纳德邦，并已投入大部分的成年生活，以改善健康和生活条件极差，在Adivasi人地区切蒂斯格尔，除了捍卫公民自由的wretchedly穷人和剥削的人民。 Sen’s organisation, ‘Rupantar’, has run a clinic for 10 years in Dhamtari district.有特殊教育需要的组织， ' rupantar ' ，已跑到一间诊所，为10年，在特姆德里区。 He has done exemplary voluntary work in the Gandhian mould in providing primary and preventive healthcare to people long deprived of access to any health facilities, especially from the state.他的所作所为，模范志愿工作，在gandhian模具在提供初级和预防保健的人长期被剥夺了获得任何卫生设施，特别是从国家。 There are no medical personnel in the area, often not even a chemist within a 30-kilometre distance.有没有医务人员在该地区，往往甚至不是一个化学家在一个30公里的距离。 Even in emergencies, the public is forced to depend on quacks, and corrupt, apathetic, incompetent, and usually missing, government employees.甚至在紧急情况下，市民是被迫依赖于quacks ，腐败，漠不关心，不称职的，而且通常人失踪，政府雇员。 Rupantar’s clinic offers a range of services at nominal cost, including rapid testing for the deadly Falciparum strain of the malaria parasite, which has saved scores of lives. rupantar的诊所提供了一系列服务，以象征式的费用，包括快速检测致命的恶性疟原虫株的疟疾寄生虫，挽救了数十人的生命。 These services are provided through local “barefoot doctors”, who give the public invaluable advice on nutrition and preventive medicine.提供这些服务通过当地的“赤脚医生” ，谁给市民的宝贵意见，对营养和预防医学。 Sen appears to have been victimised precisely because he formed a bridge between the human rights movement and other civil society organisations, and created a forum of empowerment for Chhattisgarh’s disadvantaged people.森似乎已经被骗，正是因为他形成了之间的桥梁，人权运动和其他民间社会团体，创造了论坛的权力为切蒂斯格尔的弱势人民。 The state government, whose very existence is premised upon the rapacious exploitation of the indigenous Adivasis and the staggering natural wealth of Chhattisgarh –and whose primary function is to subserve big business, forest contractors and traders — is loath to tolerate such individuals.州政府，其存在的前提贪婪剥削土著Adivasis人，以及惊人的自然财富切蒂斯格尔和其主要职能是subserve大生意，森林承办商和贸易商-是不愿意容忍这种个人。 Chhattisgarh has an egregious recent history of repression.切蒂斯格尔有一个令人震惊的最近历史上的镇压。 One of India’s most creative trade unionists, Shankar Guha Niyogi, who ignited a mass awakening on social, cultural and economic issues, was assassinated at the behest of the state’s powerful and politically well-connected industrialists in 1991.一对印度的最富有创造性的工会，尚学者古哈niyogi ，谁点燃了群众的觉醒对社会，文化和经济问题，被暗杀的遗志，在该国的强大和政治，以及连通工业界在1991年。 They still roam free.他们仍然漫游费用全免。 Chhattisgarh has among India’s worst indices of wealth maldistribution and income inequality.切蒂斯格尔已印度之间最严重的指数财富分配不均和收入不平等。 Some of its rural regions present a dismal picture of malnutrition, starvation deaths, illiteracy, and severe scarcity of safe drinking water.它的一些农村地区，目前令人沮丧的图片营养不良，饥饿，死亡，文盲，和严重缺乏安全的饮用水。 Some have suffered a rise in infant mortality.有些人遭受了上升，婴儿死亡率。 The literacy rate among tribals here is less than one-third the national average –just 30 percent for men and 13 percent for women.识字率部落在这里是不少于三分一的全国平均水平，只需30 ％的男性和13 ％为女性。 Of the 1,220 villages of one district (Dantewada), 214 have no primary school..对1220年村一区（ dantewada ） ， 214没有小学.. But the state’s cities are booming with ostentatious affluence, spanking new hotels and glittering shopping malls.但国家的城市蓬勃发展与炫耀富裕， spanking新酒店闪闪发光的商场。 The difference in life-expectancy between an advanced state like Kerala and tribal Chhattisgarh is a shocking 18 years.差别在生命的预期之间的一个先进国家一样，喀拉拉邦和部落切蒂斯格尔是一个令人震惊的18岁。 The two regions could well belong to different continents like Europe and Africa.这两个地区可能属于不同的大洲一样，欧洲和非洲。 Chhattisgarh is extraordinarily rich in forests and in mineral wealth, including high-quality iron ore, bauxite, dolomite, quartzite, granite, corundum, precious stones, gold, diamonds and tin ore, besides limestone and coal.切蒂斯格尔是非常丰富的森林和矿产财富，包括高品质的铁矿石，铝土矿，白云岩，石英岩，花岗岩，刚玉，宝石，黄金，钻石和锡矿，除石灰石和煤。 This wealth has been voraciously extracted.这财富已voraciously提取。 But it has produced virtually no gains for the local population.但它产生的收益，几乎没有为当地居民。 “Naxalism has thrived in Chhattisgarh as a response, albeit an irrational and violent one, to this obnoxious system of exploitation, dispossession and outright loot,” says Rajiv Bharagava, a political scientist at the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies. “ naxalism繁荣兴旺在切蒂斯格尔作为回应，尽管非理性和暴力的一个，这个令人厌恶的剥削制度，占有权和买断哄抢，说： ”拉吉夫bharagava ，一个政治科学家在研究中心的发展中社会。 “In Chhattisgarh, the state has collapsed as a provider of public services and a relatively impartial guardian of the law. “在切蒂斯格尔，国家已经崩溃，作为一个提供公共服务和一个相对公正的守护者的法律。 The Naxalites flourish because the state has failed.”该naxalites蓬勃发展，因为国家已经失败“ 。 “This is a terrible comment on India’s democracy,” adds Bhargava. “这是一个可怕的评论对印度的民主，补充说： ” bhargava 。 ”Democracy isn’t only about elections. “民主不仅是选举。 Unless it has accountable institutions and a system of rights, it loses much of its meaning.”除非它负责机构和制度的权利，什么时候就会失去其大部分的意义“ 。 See More: 看到更多的： World News 世界新闻Have Your Say: Top Activist’s Detention Blot on Democracy 你说：最活跃的拘留污点，民主 Please note, only selected comments will be published.请注意，只有选定的评论将出版。 Or discuss this report in our new forums 或讨论这个报告在我们的新论坛 One Response to “Top Activist’s Detention Blot on Democracy” 1回应“最活跃的拘留污点，民主”
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