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 | Translate: 翻译：               Howard Zinn - US ‘in need of rebellion’霍华德zinn -美国在有需要的叛乱' Friday, September 12th, 2008 周五， 2008年9月12日 Al Jazeera 卡塔尔半岛电视台 speaks to Howard Zinn, the author, American historian, social critic and activist, about how the Iraq war damaged attitudes towards the US and why the US “empire” is close to collapse. 发言霍华德zinn ，作者，美国历史学家，评论家和社会活动家，有关如何在伊拉克战争破坏的态度，美国，以及为什么美国的“帝国”是接近崩溃。 Q: Where is the United States heading in terms of world power and influence? 问：在哪里，是美国在标题中的条款世界的权力和影响力？ HZ: America has been heading - for some time, and is heading right now - toward less and less world power, less and less influence. 赫兹：美国一直标题-一段时间内，是标题的权利，现在-对越来越少的世界强国，越来越少的影响力。 Obviously, since the war in Iraq, the rest of the world has fallen away from the United States, and if American foreign policy continues in the way it has been - that is aggressive and violent and uncaring about the feelings and thoughts of other people - then the influence of the United States is going to decline more and more.显然，伊拉克战争以来，世界其余地区下降了远离美国，如果美国外交政策的继续，在这样的已-这是侵略性和暴力和漠不关心约的感情和思想的其他人-然后的影响，美国是要下降更多。 This is an empire which is on the one hand the most powerful empire that ever existed; on the other hand an empire that is crumbling - an empire that has no future … because the rest of the world is alienated and simply because this empire is top-heavy with military commitments, with bases around the world, with the exhaustion of its own resources at home.这是一个帝国，这是在一方面最强大的帝国以往任何时候都存在;另一方面帝国是摇摇欲坠-帝国是没有前途的… …因为世界其余地区，是疏离，只是因为这是帝国的顶端-沉重的军事承诺，与基地，在世界各地，用尽自己的资源在家里。 [This is] leading to more and more discontent and home, so I think the American empire will go the way of other empires and I think it is on its way now. [这是] ，导致越来越多的不满和主页，因此，我认为美帝国将去的方式与其他帝国和我觉得这是就其现在的方式。 Q: Is there any hope the US will change its approach to the rest of the world?问：是否有任何希望，美国将改变其做法，向世界其余地区？ HZ: If there is any hope, the hope lies in the American people. 赫兹：如果有任何希望，希望就在于美国人民。 [It] lies in American people becoming resentful enough and indignant enough over what has happened to their country, over the loss of dignity in the world, over the starving of human resources in the United States, the starving of education and health, the takeover of the political mechanism by corporate power and the result this has on the everyday lives of the American people. [它] ，在于美国人民日益不满和愤慨，足够足够超过发生了什么事，以自己的国家，超过损失的尊严，在世界上，饥饿的人力资源在美国，饥饿的教育和保健，收购的政治机制，由企业的权力和结果，这对日常生活的美国人民。 [There is also] the higher and higher food prices, the more and more insecurity, the sending of the young people to war. [也有]高粮食价格上涨，越来越多的不安全，派遣年轻的人民战争。 I think all of this may very well build up into a movement of rebellion.我觉得这一切很可能建立成为一个运动的叛乱。 We have seen movements of rebellion in the past: The labour movement, the civil rights movement, the movement against the war in Vietnam.我们已经看到变动的叛乱，在过去的：劳工运动，民权运动，该运动反对战争，在越南。 I think we may well see, if the United States keeps heading in the same direction, a new popular movement.我认为我们很有可能看到，如果美国不断的标题在同一个方向，一个新的热门运动。 That is the only hope for the United States.这是唯一的希望为美国。 Q: How did the US get to this point?问：如何做美国得到这一点呢？ HZ: Well, we got to this point because … I suppose the American people have allowed it to get it to this point because there were enough Americans who were satisfied with their lives, just enough. 赫：好的 ，我们到了这一点，是因为… …我猜想，美国人民不允许它获得它这一点，是因为有足够的美国人谁感到满意，他们的生活，刚好够。 Of course, many Americans were not, that is why half of the population doesn’t vote, they’re alienated.当然，许多美国人都没有，这就是为什么一半的人口不投票，他们很疏远。 But there are just enough Americans who have been satisfied, you might say getting some of the “goodies” of the empire, just some of them, just enough people satisfied to support the system, so we got this way because of the ability of the system to maintain itself by satisfying just enough of the population to keep its legitimacy.但也有刚好够美国人谁得到满足，你可以说获得一些“东东”的帝国，只是他们中的一些，刚好够人民满意的支持系统，使我们得到这样的，因为有能力的系统，以维持本身的满足刚好够的人口，以保持其合法性。 And I think that era is coming to an end.我认为这是时代即将结束。 Q: What should the world know about the United States?问：应怎样世界了解美国吗？ HZ: What I find many people in the rest of the world don’t know is that there is an opposition in the United States. 赫：什么，我觉得很多人在世界其余地区不知道是有一个反对党在美国。 Very often, people in the rest of the world think that Bush is popular, they think ‘oh, he was elected twice’, they don’t understand the corruption of the American political system which enabled Bush to win twice.很多时候，人在世界其余认为，布什很受欢迎，他们认为'哦，他被选为两次' ，他们不明白的腐败，美国政治制度，使布什赢得两次。 They don’t understand the basic undemocratic nature of the American political system in which all power is concentrated within two parties which are not very far from one another and people cannot easily tell the difference.他们不明白的基本不民主的性质，美国政治制度在其中的一切权力是集中在两党，这是不很远，从一个又一个人不能轻易告诉差异。 So I think we are in a situation where we are going to need some very fundamental changes in American society if the American people are going to be finally satisfied with the kind of society we have.因此，我认为我们正处在一个情况下，我们需要一些非常根本的变化，美国社会，如果美国人民将会感到满意，最后什么样的社会，我们有。 Q: Do you think the US can recover from its current position?问：你是否认为美国可以收回从目前的立场？ HZ: Well, I am hoping for a recovery process. 赫：好的 ，我希望为经济复苏进程。 I mean, so far we haven’t seen it.我的意思是，直至目前为止，我们还没有看到它。 You asked about what the people of the rest of the world don’t know about the United States, and as I said, they don’t know that there is an opposition.你问到什么人的世界其余地区不知道美国，正如我刚才所说，他们不知道有一个反对党。 There always has been an opposition, but the opposition has always been either crushed or quieted, kept in the shadows, marginalised so their voices are not heard.有一直是在野党，但是在野党一直不是粉碎或quieted ，被蒙在阴影，边缘，使他们的声音没有听到。 People in the rest of the world hear the voices of the American leaders.人在世界其余地区听到的声音，美国的领导人。 They do not hear the voices of the people all over this country who do not like the American leaders who want different policies.他们没有听到人民的声音都超过这个国家谁不喜欢美国的领导人谁想要不同的政策。 I think also, people in the rest of the world should know that what they see in Iraq now is really a continuation of a long, long term of American imperial expansion in the world.我认为也，人在世界其余地区应该知道，他们所看到的在伊拉克的现在，实在是延续一个长期的，长期的美国帝国主义的扩张，在世界上。 I think … a lot of people in the world think that this war in Iraq is an aberration, that before this the United States was a benign power.我觉得…有很多人在世界上认为这是在伊拉克战争是一个畸变，在此之前，美国是一个良性的权力。 It has never been a benign power, from the very first, from the American Revolution, from the taking-over of Indian land, from the Mexican war, the Spanish-American war.它从来就不是一个良性的权力，从第一，从美国革命，从以超过印度的土地，从墨西哥战争，美西战争。 It is embarrassing to say, but we have a long history in this country of violent expansion and I think not only do most people in other countries [not] know this, most Americans don’t know this.这是尴尬的说，但我们有着悠久的历史，在这个国家的暴力扩张，我认为不仅大多数人在其他国家[不]知道这一点，大多数美国人不知道这一点。 Q: Is there a way for this to improve?问：有没有办法做到这一点改善？ HZ: Well you know, whatever hope there is lies in that large number of Americans who are decent, who don’t want to go to war, who don’t want to kill other people. 赫兹：你也知道，无论是有希望在于在这众多的美国人谁是体面的，谁不想去的战争，谁不想要杀害其他人。 It is hard to see that hope because these Americans who feel that way have been shut out of the communications system, so their voices are not heard, they are not seen on the television screen, but they exist.这是不难看出希望，因为这些美国人谁觉得这种方式已经关闭了该通讯系统，使他们的声音没有听到，他们没有看到在电视屏幕上，但它们存在的话。 I have gone through, in my life, a number of social movements and I have seen how at the very beginning of these social movements or just before these social movements develop, there didn’t seem to be any hope.我已经通过，在我的生活，一些社会运动和我所看到的是如何在开始时，这些社会运动，还是只在这些社会运动的发展，似乎没有任何希望。 I lived in the [US] south for seven years, in the years of the civil rights movements, and it didn’t seem that there was any hope, but there was hope under the surface.我住在[美国]南为七年，在多年的公民权利运动，它似乎并不认为有任何希望，但有希望下表面。 And when people organised, and when people began to act, when people began to work together, people began to take risks, people began to oppose the establishment, people began to commit civil disobedience.而当人民的举办，当人们开始采取行动，当人们开始一起工作，人们开始承担风险，人们开始以反对成立，人们开始致力于公民抗命。 Well, then that hope became manifest … it actually turned into change.好，那么这个希望成为体现… …它实际上变成了改变。 Q: Do you think there is a way out of this and for the future influence of the US on the world to be a positive one?问：你觉得是有出路，这为未来的影响，美国对世界是一个积极的一？ HZ: Well, you know for the United States to begin to be a positive influence in the world we are going to have to have a new political leadership that is sensitive to the needs of the American people, and those needs do not include war and aggression. 赫：好的 ，你知道对于美国来说，开始是一个积极的影响，在世界上我们要必须有一个新的政治领导，这是敏感的需要，美国人民，这些需要不包括战争和侵略。 [It must also be] sensitive to the needs of people in other parts of the world, sensitive enough to know that American resources, instead of being devoted to war, should be devoted to helping people who are suffering. [还必须]敏感地认识到人民的需要在世界其他地方，敏感的，足以知道，美国的资源，而不是被用于战争，应该致力于帮助人们谁是痛苦。 You’ve got earthquakes and natural disasters all over the world, but the people in the United States have been in the same position as people in other countries.您有地震和自然灾害遍布世界各地，但人在美国，已经在同样的立场，作为其他国家的人民。 The natural disasters here [also] brought little positive reaction - look at [Hurricane] Katrina.自然灾害在这里[也]带来一点积极的反应-看看[飓风]飓风。 The people in this country, the poor people especially and the people of colour especially, have been as much victims of American power as people in other countries.人民群众在这个国家，穷人的人，特别是和人民的肤色，尤其是已多的受害者，美国的力量，作为其他国家的人民。 Q: Can you give us an overall scope of everything we talked about – the power and influence of the United States?问：你能否给我们一个整体的范围，一切我们谈到-权力和影响力的美国呢？ HZ: The power and influence of the United States has declined rapidly since the war in Iraq because American power, as it has been exercised in the world historically, has been exposed more to the rest of the world in this situation and in other situations. 赫兹：权力和影响力的美国已急剧下降以来，在伊拉克战争，因为美国的权力，因为它已被行使，在世界历史上，已经暴露更多的世界其余地区在这种情况下和在其他情况下。 So the US influence is declining, its power is declining.因此，美国的影响力正在下降，其权力正在下降。 However strong a military machine it is, power does not ultimately depend on a military machine.但强烈的军事机器，它是权力并不最终取决于一的军事机器。 So power is declining.因此，权力正在下降。 Ultimately power rests on the moral legitimacy of a system and the United States has been losing moral legitimacy.最终的权力在于对道德合法性的制度和美国已失去道德的合法性。 My hope is that the American people will rouse themselves and change this situation, for the benefit of themselves and for the benefit of the rest of the world.我希望的是，美国人民将振奋自己，改变这一状况，为造福自己和造福世界其余地区。 Have Your Say: Howard Zinn - US ‘in need of rebellion’ 你说：霍华德zinn -美国在有需要的叛乱' Please read our请阅读我们的 posting guidelines before posting发布指引，然后再发布 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here您可以讨论此报告在这里 . 。 Related News 相关新闻
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