‘Truthers’ blame US and Britain for the Holocaust ' truthers '归咎于美国和英国为纳粹大屠杀
Wednesday, April 16th, 2008 周三， 2008年4月16日In Salman Rushdie’s soon-to-be-published novel, The Enchantress of Florence, one of the characters is Niccolò Machiavelli, the original dark prince of power politics.在拉什迪的快将出版的小说，老妇人的佛罗伦萨，一个角色是niccolò马基雅维，原来黑暗王子的强权政治。 Il Machia, as he is called, is portrayed as a committed opponent of the obvious.白细胞介素玛家，因为他是所谓的，是描绘成一个坚定的反对者是显而易见的事实。 ‘He believed in… hidden truth the way other men believed in God or love, believed that truth was in fact always hidden, that the apparent, the overt, was invariably a kind of lie.’ '他认为，在…隐藏真相，像其他男人相信上帝或爱情，相信真理是在实际上始终隐藏的，那显然，显性，总是一种谎言。
No doubt all of us have come across individuals with what might politely be termed an ultra-sceptical outlook.毫无疑问，我们都接触过个人有什么可能有礼貌地被称为一个超前景抱怀疑态度。 The kind of people who use phrases like ‘the powers that be’ without a sniff of irony.什么样的人使用短语，例如'权力'无闻的讽刺。 Certainty, not doubt, is actually their defining trait, their sure knowledge that the mysterious, omniscient ‘they’ are always responsible.确定性，不要怀疑，其实，他们的信条特质，他们肯定知道这些神秘的，无所不知'他们'是永远负责。 Left to its own devices, this sort of mentality can appear almost charmingly eccentric.任其自生自灭，这样的心态可以出现几乎特色，古怪的人。 But two developments have in recent years helped turn an essentially harmless sensibility into something approaching a sinister ideology.但有两个发展中，近年来，相继帮助把基本上无害的学问就变成接近一个险恶的思想。
The first was the postmodern assault on the notion of objective truth that found academic favour in the 1980s and 1990s.第一个问题是后现代攻击的概念是客观真理，发现学术赞成在20世纪80年代和90年代。 A generation of humanities and social sciences students went through the theory mill and learned that reality is simply a cultural construction, a media confection.一整代的人文和社会科学的学生，经历了理论轧机和了解，现实情况是单纯的文化建设，媒体蜜饯。 As very few academics, let alone undergraduates, ever ‘got’ deconstructionism, a bite-sized variety gained popularity: ‘problematising’.因为很少有学者，更遑论大学生，任何时候都得到了'解构，一口大小品种积累人气： ' problematising ' 。
This simplification encouraged the belief that, as George Walden once put it, the exception no longer proves the rule, it is the rule.这项简化措施鼓励信仰，正如乔治瓦尔登一旦付诸表决，除不再证明规则，它是统治。 If you could ‘problematise’ a single stress point of contention, then the whole narrative of objectivity would collapse.如果你能' problematise '一个单一的应力争论点，则整个叙事的客观性将会崩溃。
The second development was the internet, which, for all its manifold benefits, has also helped flatten the hierarchy of evidential truth into one vast mass of competing perceptions.第二个发展是因特网，其中，对所有其多方面的好处，也有助于扁平层次的证据真理成为一个广大的竞争观念。 Out there on the limitless vistas of the web, empirical fact and wild rumour often appear to share equal billing.列有关于无限前景不上网，经验事实和野生传闻常常出现，以同样的帐单。
Put these two trends together, add a widespread suspicion of Western governments and a growing boredom with liberal democracy, and you get the ideal conditions for what amounts to intellectual nihilism.提出这两种倾向在一起，放入一个普遍的怀疑西方国家政府和越来越苦闷与自由民主的，你会得到理想的情况下，为什么才构成智力虚无主义。 Perhaps the most egregious example of this mushrooming cult are the 9/11 ‘Truthers’, that barmy army of opinion which holds that the official version of events leading up to that day is a government conspiracy.或许最令人震惊的例子，这个邪教组织雨后春笋般蓬勃发展，是9 / 11 ' truthers ' ，即发酵军队的见解，认为自己的官方版本的事件导致了这一天的来临是一个政府的阴谋。
The Truthers pride themselves on merely asking rather than answering questions.该truthers自豪感本身就只是询问，而不是解答问题。 To which end, they ignore everything that supports the accepted version and concentrate on what they claim are its weak points - for example, the rapid collapse of the towers - to cast doubt on the overall story.而最终，他们不理会一切，支持接纳版本，并专注于他们声称是它的薄弱点-例如，迅速崩溃的水塔-质疑对整体的故事。 Thus the exception becomes the rule.因此，除了成为该细则。
But in fact the Truthers play host to various counterfactual theories - some of the more restrained hypotheses propose that it was an inside job, the planes were not passenger jets, and the Pentagon was not hit by a plane.但事实上truthers举办各种违背事实的理论-其中一些较为克制的假说提出它是一个内部工作，这些飞机已不是客机，与国防部之间没有击中飞机。
At the impressionable end of the scale, where rank naivety and fashionable cynicism merge, Charlie Sheen has promoted such theories and the Oscar-winning French actress Marion Cotillard has suggested that the destruction of the World Trade Centre was a ‘money-sucker’ designed to avoid the cost of rewiring the towers.在impressionable年底的规模，而职级的幼稚和时髦的犬儒主义合并，查理辛促进了这种理论和获奥斯卡奖的法国女演员马里恩cotillard建议，摧毁世界贸易中心是一个'钱-吸盘设计，以避免成本重装电线塔。 At the (only slightly) more sophisticated end, writers like Gore Vidal, and the Labour MP Michael Meacher, have speculated that some within the US administration may have had cause to turn a blind eye to the hijackers.在（只略高于）更精密年底，作家一样，戈尔维达尔及劳工国会议员迈克尔米彻，有猜测，有些在美国政府可能不得不事业却视而不见，劫持者。
But it’s one thing to blame America for the attack on America.但它的一件事归咎于美国的这次袭击是对美国。 That’s hardly radical.说的，难以根治。 No, if you really want to lay waste to the notion of historical truth and the fundamental principles on which Western democratic society is based, then you need to go one step further.不，如果你真的想打好的废物的概念历史真相和基本原则，对西方民主社会的基础，那么，你需要多走一步。 You need to blame America for the attack on Nazi Germany.你必须归咎于美国的这次袭击是对纳粹德国。
Even within the liberal arts world, where America has long been a byword for injustice, bellicosity and corruption, Nazi Germany has remained the ultimate example of evil.即使是文科的世界中，美国长久以来一直是代名词，为正义，好斗和腐败现象，纳粹德国至今仍是终极的例子，邪恶。 And that presents a philosophical problem for the most zealous Bush-haters within the arts.那是一个哲学问题为最热心的布什- haters与艺术。 If America helped stop a more depraved regime once, is it not at least theoretically possible that it could do the same again?如果美国帮助制止更腐化政权的一次，是不是至少在理论上是可能的，它可以这样做，同时又？
The common answer is to point out that Iraq and Afghanistan were hardly superpowers bent on global domination.共同的答案是指出，伊拉克和阿富汗几乎超级大国执意要统治全球。 The drawback to that response is that it’sa limited, pragmatic position - a politician’s argument - that lacks the kind of moral righteousness that appeals to a certain artistic imagination.缺点：这种回应是，它是有限的，务实的立场-以一个政治家的论点-即缺乏一种道德正义上诉到某一个艺术想象。
The bold solution, then, is to reposition Nazi Germany as the victim, and America (and Britain) as the aggressors.大胆的解决方案，那么，是复位纳粹德国，作为受害者，美国（和英国）视为侵略者。 This, in essence, is the job the novelist Nicholson Baker appears to have taken on in his new non-fiction book Human Smoke.这在本质上，是职业小说家尼科尔森贝克似乎已经采取了在其新的非小说书人的烟雾。 Baker, who in his novel The Fermata explored the erotics of excreting, seems here to immerse himself in its politics.贝克，他在其小说< fermata探索erotics的排泄，似乎这里沉浸在自己的政治。 He is the outrider for paranoid revisionism.他是outrider为偏执修正主义。
According to Adam Kirsch, writing in the New York Sun, Baker sets out to ‘convince the reader that America should not have fought Germany or Japan; that Franklin Roosevelt connived to get us into the war at the behest of the arms manufacturers, and probably knew about the bombing of Pearl Harbor in advance; that Winston Churchill was a proto-fascist; that in Japan’s invasion of China, China was the aggressor; that after the fall of France, Churchill was culpable in vowing to fight on, and not acceding to Hitler’s “peace” terms; that the Holocaust was, at least in part, Hitler’s response to British aggression, and that the only people who demonstrated true wisdom in the run-up to the war were American and British pacifists.’据亚当基尔希，写在纽约太阳报，贝克列出，以'说服读者说，美国不应该去争取德国或日本;罗斯福纵容，让我们带入战争的遗志，军火制造商，并可能知道轰炸珍珠港提前;邱吉尔是一个原型法西斯;的是，在日本入侵中国，中国是侵略者;沦陷后，法国，邱吉尔是应受谴责在誓言要继续奋斗，没有加入希特勒的"和平"条件，即大屠杀，至少有一部分是，希特勒的回应美英侵略，并认为只有人表现出真正的智慧，在迈向了向战争中，美国和英国的和平主义者。
Again, Baker’s method, according to Kirsch, is to ignore the overwhelming wealth of material that contradicts the above claims and to focus on any seeming anomalies or exceptions that support his case, no matter what the source.再次，贝克的方法，根据基尔希，则是忽略了压倒性的物质财富这违背了上述债权及向侧重于任何表面的异常或例外表示支持他的情况下，不管遇到什么样的来源。 So, for example, in seeking to offload at least some of the blame for the Holocaust on to the British, Baker cites the mayor of Hanover’s reason for deporting Jews to the East, namely that the British bombing campaign had created a housing shortage.因此，举例来说，在寻求卸载至少部分归咎于大屠杀就向英国，贝克举市长汉诺威的理由驱逐犹太人的东部地区，即英国的爆炸活动，造成了住房短缺问题。
There is much to be said against the British bombing of German cities, and indeed much has been said and written of a critical nature.有很多地方是值得说，对美英轰炸的德国城市，而事实上已说了很多，并以书面的一个关键性质。 But it can never be argued that it precipitated the Holocaust, quite simply because it did not, as any self-respecting historian would confirm, supported by a mountain of empirical evidence.但不能说，它沉淀的大屠杀，很简单，因为它没有，因为任何自我尊重的历史学家会确认，并辅之以山区的实证。
It’s essential for healthy intellectual debate that conventional wisdom is challenged.它的必不可少的健康智力辩论中，传统智慧挑战。 However, that requires an engagement with reality, not its negation.不过，这需要一个接触现实，而不是它的否定。 The mentality that sees 9/11 and 7/7 as government conspiracies, and the Second World War as a singular tale of Allied guilt, refuses to see what’s staring it in the face, so has no choice but to search for buried clues.心态处处是9 / 11和7 / 7作为政府阴谋，并在第二次世界大战作为一个奇异的故事，专职内疚，不肯见什么的凝视它在面对，所以别无选择，只能去寻找埋藏线索。 Sometimes, though, the apparent is true because the only thing hidden is lies.有时候，虽然，显然是正确的，因为唯一隐患是谎言。
See More: 看更多： History 历史Share Your Thoughts on ‘Truthers’ blame US and Britain for the HolocaustPlease note, not all comments will be published.分享你的想法就' truthers '归咎于美国和英国为holocaustplease注意到，并非所有意见将予以公布。 '
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